/*
     This file is part of GNUnet.
     Copyright (C) 2010, 2011, 2012 Christian Grothoff

     GNUnet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
     by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
     or (at your option) any later version.

     GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     Affero General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

     SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL3.0-or-later
 */

/**
 * @file exit/gnunet-helper-exit.c
 *
 * @brief the helper for exit nodes. Opens a virtual
 * network-interface, sends data received on the if to stdout, sends
 * data received on stdin to the interface.  The code also enables
 * IPv4/IPv6 forwarding and NAT on the current system (the latter on
 * an interface specified on the command-line); these changes to the
 * network configuration are NOT automatically undone when the program
 * is stopped (this is because we cannot be sure that some other
 * application didn't enable them before or after us; also, these
 * changes should be mostly harmless as it simply turns the system
 * into a router).
 *
 * @author Philipp Tölke
 * @author Christian Grothoff
 *
 * The following list of people have reviewed this code and considered
 * it safe since the last modification (if you reviewed it, please
 * have your name added to the list):
 *
 * - Philipp Tölke
 */
#include "platform.h"

#ifdef IF_TUN_HDR
#include IF_TUN_HDR
#endif

#if defined(BSD) || defined(SOLARIS)
#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_addr
#define SIOGIFINDEX SIOCGIFINDEX
#endif

/**
 * Need 'struct GNUNET_MessageHeader'.
 */
#include "gnunet_util_lib.h"
#include "gnunet_common.h"

/**
 * Need VPN message types.
 */
#include "gnunet_protocols.h"

/**
 * Should we print (interesting|debug) messages that can happen during
 * normal operation?
 */
#define DEBUG GNUNET_NO

/**
 * Maximum size of a GNUnet message (GNUNET_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE)
 */
#define MAX_SIZE 65536

/**
 * Path to 'sysctl' binary.
 */
static const char *sbin_sysctl;

/**
 * Path to 'iptables' binary.
 */
static const char *sbin_iptables;


#if ! defined(__ANDROID__)
#if ! defined(_LINUX_IN6_H) && defined(__linux__)
/**
 * This is in linux/include/net/ipv6.h, but not always exported.
 */
struct in6_ifreq
{
  struct in6_addr ifr6_addr;
  uint32_t ifr6_prefixlen; /* __u32 in the original */
  int ifr6_ifindex;
};
#endif
#endif


/**
 * Open '/dev/null' and make the result the given
 * file descriptor.
 *
 * @param target_fd desired FD to point to /dev/null
 * @param flags open flags (O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY)
 */
static void
open_dev_null (int target_fd,
               int flags)
{
  int fd;

  fd = open ("/dev/null", flags);
  if (-1 == fd)
    abort ();
  if (fd == target_fd)
    return;
  if (-1 == dup2 (fd, target_fd))
  {
    (void) close (fd);
    abort ();
  }
  (void) close (fd);
}


/**
 * Run the given command and wait for it to complete.
 *
 * @param file name of the binary to run
 * @param cmd command line arguments (as given to 'execv')
 * @return 0 on success, 1 on any error
 */
static int
fork_and_exec (const char *file,
               char *const cmd[])
{
  int status;
  pid_t pid;
  pid_t ret;

  pid = fork ();
  if (-1 == pid)
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
             "fork failed: %s\n",
             strerror (errno));
    return 1;
  }
  if (0 == pid)
  {
    /* we are the child process */
    /* close stdin/stdout to not cause interference
       with the helper's main protocol! */
    (void) close (0);
    open_dev_null (0, O_RDONLY);
    (void) close (1);
    open_dev_null (1, O_WRONLY);
    (void) execv (file, cmd);
    /* can only get here on error */
    fprintf (stderr,
             "exec `%s' failed: %s\n",
             file,
             strerror (errno));
    _exit (1);
  }
  /* keep running waitpid as long as the only error we get is 'EINTR' */
  while ((-1 == (ret = waitpid (pid, &status, 0))) &&
         (errno == EINTR))
    ;
  if (-1 == ret)
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
             "waitpid failed: %s\n",
             strerror (errno));
    return 1;
  }
  if (! (WIFEXITED (status) && (0 == WEXITSTATUS (status))))
    return 1;
  /* child process completed and returned success, we're happy */
  return 0;
}


/**
 * Creates a tun-interface called dev;
 *
 * @param dev is assumed to point to a char[IFNAMSIZ]
 *        if *dev == '\\0', uses the name supplied by the kernel;
 * @return the fd to the tun or -1 on error
 */
#ifdef IFF_TUN /* LINUX */
static int
init_tun (char *dev)
{
  struct ifreq ifr;
  int fd;

  if (NULL == dev)
  {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  if (-1 == (fd = open ("/dev/net/tun", O_RDWR)))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error opening `%s': %s\n", "/dev/net/tun",
             strerror (errno));
    return -1;
  }

  if (fd >= FD_SETSIZE)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "File descriptor to large: %d", fd);
    (void) close (fd);
    return -1;
  }

  memset (&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
  ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_TUN;

  if ('\0' != *dev)
    strncpy (ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);

  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, TUNSETIFF, (void *) &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
             "Error with ioctl on `%s': %s\n", "/dev/net/tun",
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    return -1;
  }
  strcpy (dev, ifr.ifr_name);
  return fd;
}


#else /* BSD et al, including DARWIN */

#ifdef SIOCIFCREATE
static int
init_tun (char *dev)
{
  int fd;
  int s;
  struct ifreq ifr;

  fd = open (dev, O_RDWR);
  if (fd == -1)
  {
    s = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (s < 0)
      return -1;
    memset (&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
    strncpy (ifr.ifr_name, dev + 5, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name) - 1);
    if (! ioctl (s, SIOCIFCREATE, &ifr))
      fd = open (dev, O_RDWR);
    close (s);
  }
  return fd;
}


#else
#define init_tun(dev) open (dev, O_RDWR)
#endif
#endif /* !IFF_TUN (BSD) */

/**
 * @brief Sets the IPv6-Address given in address on the interface dev
 *
 * @param dev the interface to configure
 * @param address the IPv6-Address
 * @param prefix_len the length of the network-prefix
 */
static void
set_address6 (const char *dev, const char *address, unsigned long prefix_len)
{
  struct ifreq ifr;
  struct sockaddr_in6 sa6;
  int fd;
  struct in6_ifreq ifr6;

  /*
   * parse the new address
   */
  memset (&sa6, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
  sa6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
  if (1 != inet_pton (AF_INET6, address, &sa6.sin6_addr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to parse address `%s': %s\n", address,
             strerror (errno));
    exit (1);
  }

  if (-1 == (fd = socket (PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error creating socket: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    exit (1);
  }

  memset (&ifr, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
  /*
   * Get the index of the if
   */
  strncpy (ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOGIFINDEX, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at %d: %s\n", __LINE__, strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  memset (&ifr6, 0, sizeof(struct in6_ifreq));
  ifr6.ifr6_addr = sa6.sin6_addr;
  ifr6.ifr6_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
  ifr6.ifr6_prefixlen = prefix_len;

  /*
   * Set the address
   */
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCSIFADDR, &ifr6))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at line %d: %s\n", __LINE__,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  /*
   * Get the flags
   */
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at line %d: %s\n", __LINE__,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  /*
   * Add the UP and RUNNING flags
   */
  ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP | IFF_RUNNING;
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at line %d: %s\n", __LINE__,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  if (0 != close (fd))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "close failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    exit (1);
  }
}


/**
 * @brief Sets the IPv4-Address given in address on the interface dev
 *
 * @param dev the interface to configure
 * @param address the IPv4-Address
 * @param mask the netmask
 */
static void
set_address4 (const char *dev, const char *address, const char *mask)
{
  int fd;
  struct sockaddr_in *addr;
  struct ifreq ifr;

  memset (&ifr, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
  addr = (struct sockaddr_in *) &(ifr.ifr_addr);
  addr->sin_family = AF_INET;

  /*
   * Parse the address
   */
  if (1 != inet_pton (AF_INET, address, &addr->sin_addr.s_addr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to parse address `%s': %s\n", address,
             strerror (errno));
    exit (1);
  }

  if (-1 == (fd = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error creating socket: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    exit (1);
  }

  strncpy (ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);

  /*
   * Set the address
   */
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCSIFADDR, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at %d: %s\n", __LINE__, strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  /*
   * Parse the netmask
   */
  addr = (struct sockaddr_in *) &(ifr.ifr_netmask);
  if (1 != inet_pton (AF_INET, mask, &addr->sin_addr.s_addr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to parse address `%s': %s\n", mask,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  /*
   * Set the netmask
   */
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCSIFNETMASK, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at line %d: %s\n", __LINE__,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  /*
   * Get the flags
   */
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at line %d: %s\n", __LINE__,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  /*
   * Add the UP and RUNNING flags
   */
  ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP | IFF_RUNNING;
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "ioctl failed at line %d: %s\n", __LINE__,
             strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }

  if (0 != close (fd))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "close failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    (void) close (fd);
    exit (1);
  }
}


/**
 * Start forwarding to and from the tunnel.
 *
 * @param fd_tun tunnel FD
 */
static void
run (int fd_tun)
{
  /*
   * The buffer filled by reading from fd_tun
   */
  unsigned char buftun[MAX_SIZE];
  ssize_t buftun_size = 0;
  unsigned char *buftun_read = NULL;

  /*
   * The buffer filled by reading from stdin
   */
  unsigned char bufin[MAX_SIZE];
  ssize_t bufin_size = 0;
  size_t bufin_rpos = 0;
  unsigned char *bufin_read = NULL;

  fd_set fds_w;
  fd_set fds_r;

  /* read refers to reading from fd_tun, writing to stdout */
  int read_open = 1;

  /* write refers to reading from stdin, writing to fd_tun */
  int write_open = 1;

  while ((1 == read_open) && (1 == write_open))
  {
    FD_ZERO (&fds_w);
    FD_ZERO (&fds_r);

    /*
     * We are supposed to read and the buffer is empty
     * -> select on read from tun
     */
    if (read_open && (0 == buftun_size))
      FD_SET (fd_tun, &fds_r);

    /*
     * We are supposed to read and the buffer is not empty
     * -> select on write to stdout
     */
    if (read_open && (0 != buftun_size))
      FD_SET (1, &fds_w);

    /*
     * We are supposed to write and the buffer is empty
     * -> select on read from stdin
     */
    if (write_open && (NULL == bufin_read))
      FD_SET (0, &fds_r);

    /*
     * We are supposed to write and the buffer is not empty
     * -> select on write to tun
     */
    if (write_open && (NULL != bufin_read))
      FD_SET (fd_tun, &fds_w);

    int r = select (fd_tun + 1, &fds_r, &fds_w, NULL, NULL);

    if (-1 == r)
    {
      if (EINTR == errno)
        continue;
      fprintf (stderr, "select failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
      exit (1);
    }

    if (r > 0)
    {
      if (FD_ISSET (fd_tun, &fds_r))
      {
        buftun_size =
          read (fd_tun, buftun + sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader),
                MAX_SIZE - sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader));
        if (-1 == buftun_size)
        {
          fprintf (stderr,
                   "read-error: %s\n",
                   strerror (errno));
          shutdown (fd_tun, SHUT_RD);
          shutdown (1, SHUT_WR);
          read_open = 0;
          buftun_size = 0;
        }
        else if (0 == buftun_size)
        {
#if DEBUG
          fprintf (stderr, "EOF on tun\n");
#endif
          shutdown (fd_tun, SHUT_RD);
          shutdown (1, SHUT_WR);
          read_open = 0;
          buftun_size = 0;
        }
        else
        {
          buftun_read = buftun;
          struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *hdr =
            (struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *) buftun;
          buftun_size += sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader);
          hdr->type = htons (GNUNET_MESSAGE_TYPE_VPN_HELPER);
          hdr->size = htons (buftun_size);
        }
      }
      else if (FD_ISSET (1, &fds_w))
      {
        ssize_t written = write (1, buftun_read, buftun_size);

        if (-1 == written)
        {
#if ! DEBUG
          if (errno != EPIPE)
#endif
          fprintf (stderr,
                   "write-error to stdout: %s\n",
                   strerror (errno));
          shutdown (fd_tun, SHUT_RD);
          shutdown (1, SHUT_WR);
          read_open = 0;
          buftun_size = 0;
        }
        else if (0 == written)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, "write returned 0!?\n");
          exit (1);
        }
        else
        {
          buftun_size -= written;
          buftun_read += written;
        }
      }

      if (FD_ISSET (0, &fds_r))
      {
        bufin_size = read (0, bufin + bufin_rpos, MAX_SIZE - bufin_rpos);
        if (-1 == bufin_size)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, "read-error: %s\n", strerror (errno));
          shutdown (0, SHUT_RD);
          shutdown (fd_tun, SHUT_WR);
          write_open = 0;
          bufin_size = 0;
        }
        else if (0 == bufin_size)
        {
#if DEBUG
          fprintf (stderr, "EOF on stdin\n");
#endif
          shutdown (0, SHUT_RD);
          shutdown (fd_tun, SHUT_WR);
          write_open = 0;
          bufin_size = 0;
        }
        else
        {
          struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *hdr;

PROCESS_BUFFER:
          bufin_rpos += bufin_size;
          if (bufin_rpos < sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader))
            continue;
          hdr = (struct GNUNET_MessageHeader *) bufin;
          if (ntohs (hdr->type) != GNUNET_MESSAGE_TYPE_VPN_HELPER)
          {
            fprintf (stderr, "protocol violation!\n");
            exit (1);
          }
          if (ntohs (hdr->size) > bufin_rpos)
            continue;
          bufin_read = bufin + sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader);
          bufin_size = ntohs (hdr->size) - sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader);
          bufin_rpos -= bufin_size + sizeof(struct GNUNET_MessageHeader);
        }
      }
      else if (FD_ISSET (fd_tun, &fds_w))
      {
        ssize_t written = write (fd_tun, bufin_read, bufin_size);

        if (-1 == written)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, "write-error to tun: %s\n", strerror (errno));
          shutdown (0, SHUT_RD);
          shutdown (fd_tun, SHUT_WR);
          write_open = 0;
          bufin_size = 0;
        }
        else if (0 == written)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, "write returned 0!?\n");
          exit (1);
        }
        else
        {
          bufin_size -= written;
          bufin_read += written;
          if (0 == bufin_size)
          {
            memmove (bufin, bufin_read, bufin_rpos);
            bufin_read = NULL;           /* start reading again */
            bufin_size = 0;
            goto PROCESS_BUFFER;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


/**
 * Open VPN tunnel interface.
 *
 * @param argc must be 6
 * @param argv 0: binary name ("gnunet-helper-exit")
 *             1: tunnel interface name ("gnunet-exit")
 *             2: "physical" interface name ("eth0"), or "-" to not setup NAT
 *                and routing
 *             3: IPv6 address ("::1"), or "-" to skip IPv6
 *             4: IPv6 netmask length in bits ("64") [ignored if #4 is "-"]
 *             5: IPv4 address ("1.2.3.4"), or "-" to skip IPv4
 *             6: IPv4 netmask ("255.255.0.0") [ignored if #4 is "-"]
 */
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  char dev[IFNAMSIZ];
  int fd_tun;
  int global_ret;

  if (7 != argc)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Fatal: must supply 6 arguments!\n");
    return 1;
  }
  if ((0 == strcmp (argv[3], "-")) &&
      (0 == strcmp (argv[5], "-")))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Fatal: disabling both IPv4 and IPv6 makes no sense.\n");
    return 1;
  }
  if (0 != strcmp (argv[2], "-"))
  {
#ifdef IPTABLES
    if (0 == access (IPTABLES, X_OK))
      sbin_iptables = IPTABLES;
    else
#endif
    if (0 == access ("/sbin/iptables", X_OK))
      sbin_iptables = "/sbin/iptables";
    else if (0 == access ("/usr/sbin/iptables", X_OK))
      sbin_iptables = "/usr/sbin/iptables";
    else
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "Fatal: executable iptables not found in approved directories: %s\n",
               strerror (errno));
      return 1;
    }
#ifdef SYSCTL
    if (0 == access (SYSCTL, X_OK))
      sbin_sysctl = SYSCTL;
    else
#endif
    if (0 == access ("/sbin/sysctl", X_OK))
      sbin_sysctl = "/sbin/sysctl";
    else if (0 == access ("/usr/sbin/sysctl", X_OK))
      sbin_sysctl = "/usr/sbin/sysctl";
    else
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "Fatal: executable sysctl not found in approved directories: %s\n",
               strerror (errno));
      return 1;
    }
  }

  strncpy (dev, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ);
  dev[IFNAMSIZ - 1] = '\0';

  if (-1 == (fd_tun = init_tun (dev)))
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
             "Fatal: could not initialize tun-interface `%s' with IPv6 %s/%s and IPv4 %s/%s\n",
             dev,
             argv[3],
             argv[4],
             argv[5],
             argv[6]);
    return 1;
  }

  if (0 != strcmp (argv[3], "-"))
  {
    {
      const char *address = argv[3];
      long prefix_len = atol (argv[4]);

      if ((prefix_len < 1) || (prefix_len > 127))
      {
        fprintf (stderr, "Fatal: prefix_len out of range\n");
        return 1;
      }
      set_address6 (dev, address, prefix_len);
    }
    if (0 != strcmp (argv[2], "-"))
    {
      char *const sysctl_args[] = {
        "sysctl", "-w", "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1", NULL
      };
      if (0 != fork_and_exec (sbin_sysctl,
                              sysctl_args))
      {
        fprintf (stderr,
                 "Failed to enable IPv6 forwarding.  Will continue anyway.\n");
      }
    }
  }

  if (0 != strcmp (argv[5], "-"))
  {
    {
      const char *address = argv[5];
      const char *mask = argv[6];

      set_address4 (dev, address, mask);
    }
    if (0 != strcmp (argv[2], "-"))
    {
      {
        char *const sysctl_args[] = {
          "sysctl", "-w", "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1", NULL
        };
        if (0 != fork_and_exec (sbin_sysctl,
                                sysctl_args))
        {
          fprintf (stderr,
                   "Failed to enable IPv4 forwarding.  Will continue anyway.\n");
        }
      }
      {
        char *const iptables_args[] = {
          "iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "POSTROUTING", "-o", argv[2], "-j",
          "MASQUERADE", NULL
        };
        if (0 != fork_and_exec (sbin_iptables,
                                iptables_args))
        {
          fprintf (stderr,
                   "Failed to enable IPv4 masquerading (NAT).  Will continue anyway.\n");
        }
      }
    }
  }

  uid_t uid = getuid ();
#ifdef HAVE_SETRESUID
  if (0 != setresuid (uid, uid, uid))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to setresuid: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    global_ret = 2;
    goto cleanup;
  }
#else
  if (0 != (setuid (uid) | seteuid (uid)))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to setuid: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    global_ret = 2;
    goto cleanup;
  }
#endif

  if (SIG_ERR == signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to protect against SIGPIPE: %s\n",
             strerror (errno));
    /* no exit, we might as well die with SIGPIPE should it ever happen */
  }
  run (fd_tun);
  global_ret = 0;
cleanup:
  (void) close (fd_tun);
  return global_ret;
}


/* end of gnunet-helper-exit.c */
